diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/adn.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/adn.py
index ef46259997..919e1d6af5 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/adn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/adn.py
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ Format: Marked,Start,End,Style,Name,MarginL,MarginR,MarginV,Effect,Text'''
         message = list(json.dumps({
             'k': self._K,
             't': token,
-        }))
+        }).encode())
 
         # Sometimes authentication fails for no good reason, retry with
         # a different random padding
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/anvato.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/anvato.py
index 2dc959aa43..47e7c50b6d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/anvato.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/anvato.py
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ class AnvatoIE(InfoExtractor):
         input_data = f'{server_time}~{md5_text(video_data_url)}~{md5_text(server_time)}'
 
         auth_secret = bytes(aes_encrypt(
-            list(input_data[:64]), list(self._AUTH_KEY)))
+            list(input_data[:64]).encode(), list(self._AUTH_KEY)))
         query = {
             'X-Anvato-Adst-Auth': base64.b64encode(auth_secret).decode('ascii'),
             'rtyp': 'fp',