diff --git a/nanobot/agent/loop.py b/nanobot/agent/loop.py
index 1a8042fed..598c66b59 100644
--- a/nanobot/agent/loop.py
+++ b/nanobot/agent/loop.py
@@ -796,6 +796,13 @@ class AgentLoop:
                             channel=msg.channel, chat_id=msg.chat_id,
                             content="", metadata=msg.metadata or {},
                         ))
+                    # Signal that the turn is fully complete (all tools executed,
+                    # final text streamed).  This lets WS clients know when to
+                    # definitively stop the loading indicator.
+                    await self.bus.publish_outbound(OutboundMessage(
+                        channel=msg.channel, chat_id=msg.chat_id,
+                        content="", metadata={**msg.metadata, "_turn_end": True},
+                    ))
                 except asyncio.CancelledError:
                     logger.info("Task cancelled for session {}", session_key)
                     # Preserve partial context from the interrupted turn so
diff --git a/nanobot/channels/websocket.py b/nanobot/channels/websocket.py
index eba9ed79a..f5477684b 100644
--- a/nanobot/channels/websocket.py
+++ b/nanobot/channels/websocket.py
@@ -1229,6 +1229,10 @@ class WebSocketChannel(BaseChannel):
         if not conns:
             logger.warning("websocket: no active subscribers for chat_id={}", msg.chat_id)
             return
+        # Signal that the agent has fully finished processing the current turn.
+        if msg.metadata.get("_turn_end"):
+            await self.send_turn_end(msg.chat_id)
+            return
         text = msg.content
         if msg.buttons:
             text = _append_buttons_as_text(text, msg.buttons)
@@ -1285,3 +1289,13 @@ class WebSocketChannel(BaseChannel):
         raw = json.dumps(body, ensure_ascii=False)
         for connection in conns:
             await self._safe_send_to(connection, raw, label=" stream ")
+
+    async def send_turn_end(self, chat_id: str) -> None:
+        """Signal that the agent has fully finished processing the current turn."""
+        conns = list(self._subs.get(chat_id, ()))
+        if not conns:
+            return
+        body: dict[str, Any] = {"event": "turn_end", "chat_id": chat_id}
+        raw = json.dumps(body, ensure_ascii=False)
+        for connection in conns:
+            await self._safe_send_to(connection, raw, label=" turn_end ")
diff --git a/webui/package-lock.json b/webui/package-lock.json
index 2ee7152a9..fb97473e6 100644
--- a/webui/package-lock.json
+++ b/webui/package-lock.json
@@ -318,6 +318,278 @@
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
     },
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+        "ppc64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "aix"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/android-arm": {
+      "version": "0.21.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/android-arm/-/android-arm-0.21.5.tgz",
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+      "version": "0.21.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/linux-ppc64/-/linux-ppc64-0.21.5.tgz",
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+        "ppc64"
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+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
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+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/linux-riscv64": {
+      "version": "0.21.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/linux-riscv64/-/linux-riscv64-0.21.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-2HdXDMd9GMgTGrPWnJzP2ALSokE/0O5HhTUvWIbD3YdjME8JwvSCnNGBnTThKGEB91OZhzrJ4qIIxk/SBmyDDA==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "riscv64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/linux-s390x": {
+      "version": "0.21.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/linux-s390x/-/linux-s390x-0.21.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-zus5sxzqBJD3eXxwvjN1yQkRepANgxE9lgOW2qLnmr8ikMTphkjgXu1HR01K4FJg8h1kEEDAqDcZQtbrRnB41A==",
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+        "s390x"
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+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
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+      "engines": {
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+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@esbuild/linux-x64": {
       "version": "0.21.5",
       "cpu": [
@@ -333,6 +605,108 @@
         "node": ">=12"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/netbsd-x64": {
+      "version": "0.21.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/netbsd-x64/-/netbsd-x64-0.21.5.tgz",
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+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "netbsd"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/openbsd-x64": {
+      "version": "0.21.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/openbsd-x64/-/openbsd-x64-0.21.5.tgz",
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+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "openbsd"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/sunos-x64": {
+      "version": "0.21.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/sunos-x64/-/sunos-x64-0.21.5.tgz",
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+    "node_modules/@esbuild/win32-arm64": {
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+        "ia32"
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+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "win32"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
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+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/win32-x64": {
+      "version": "0.21.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/win32-x64/-/win32-x64-0.21.5.tgz",
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+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@floating-ui/core": {
       "version": "1.7.5",
       "license": "MIT",
@@ -1280,6 +1654,244 @@
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       "license": "MIT"
     },
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+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "android"
+      ]
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-android-arm64/-/rollup-android-arm64-4.60.1.tgz",
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+        "arm64"
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+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "android"
+      ]
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+      "optional": true,
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+        "darwin"
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+    "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-linux-arm-musleabihf": {
+      "version": "4.60.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-linux-arm-musleabihf/-/rollup-linux-arm-musleabihf-4.60.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-n83O8rt4v34hgFzlkb1ycniJh7IR5RCIqt6mz1VRJD6pmhRi0CXdmfnLu9dIUS6buzh60IvACM842Ffb3xd6Gg==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ]
+    },
+    "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-gnu": {
+      "version": "4.60.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-gnu/-/rollup-linux-arm64-gnu-4.60.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Nql7sTeAzhTAja3QXeAI48+/+GjBJ+QmAH13snn0AJSNL50JsDqotyudHyMbO2RbJkskbMbFJfIJKWA6R1LCJQ==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ]
+    },
+    "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-musl": {
+      "version": "4.60.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-musl/-/rollup-linux-arm64-musl-4.60.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-+pUymDhd0ys9GcKZPPWlFiZ67sTWV5UU6zOJat02M1+PiuSGDziyRuI/pPue3hoUwm2uGfxdL+trT6Z9rxnlMA==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ]
+    },
+    "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-linux-loong64-gnu": {
+      "version": "4.60.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-linux-loong64-gnu/-/rollup-linux-loong64-gnu-4.60.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-VSvgvQeIcsEvY4bKDHEDWcpW4Yw7BtlKG1GUT4FzBUlEKQK0rWHYBqQt6Fm2taXS+1bXvJT6kICu5ZwqKCnvlQ==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "loong64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ]
+    },
+    "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-linux-loong64-musl": {
+      "version": "4.60.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-linux-loong64-musl/-/rollup-linux-loong64-musl-4.60.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-4LqhUomJqwe641gsPp6xLfhqWMbQV04KtPp7/dIp0nzPxAkNY1AbwL5W0MQpcalLYk07vaW9Kp1PBhdpZYYcEw==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "loong64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ]
+    },
+    "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-linux-ppc64-gnu": {
+      "version": "4.60.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-linux-ppc64-gnu/-/rollup-linux-ppc64-gnu-4.60.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-tLQQ9aPvkBxOc/EUT6j3pyeMD6Hb8QF2BTBnCQWP/uu1lhc9AIrIjKnLYMEroIz/JvtGYgI9dF3AxHZNaEH0rw==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "ppc64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ]
+    },
+    "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-linux-ppc64-musl": {
+      "version": "4.60.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-linux-ppc64-musl/-/rollup-linux-ppc64-musl-4.60.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-RMxFhJwc9fSXP6PqmAz4cbv3kAyvD1etJFjTx4ONqFP9DkTkXsAMU4v3Vyc5BgzC+anz7nS/9tp4obsKfqkDHg==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "ppc64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ]
+    },
+    "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-gnu": {
+      "version": "4.60.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-gnu/-/rollup-linux-riscv64-gnu-4.60.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-QKgFl+Yc1eEk6MmOBfRHYF6lTxiiiV3/z/BRrbSiW2I7AFTXoBFvdMEyglohPj//2mZS4hDOqeB0H1ACh3sBbg==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "riscv64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ]
+    },
+    "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-musl": {
+      "version": "4.60.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-musl/-/rollup-linux-riscv64-musl-4.60.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-RAjXjP/8c6ZtzatZcA1RaQr6O1TRhzC+adn8YZDnChliZHviqIjmvFwHcxi4JKPSDAt6Uhf/7vqcBzQJy0PDJg==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "riscv64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ]
+    },
+    "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-linux-s390x-gnu": {
+      "version": "4.60.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-linux-s390x-gnu/-/rollup-linux-s390x-gnu-4.60.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-wcuocpaOlaL1COBYiA89O6yfjlp3RwKDeTIA0hM7OpmhR1Bjo9j31G1uQVpDlTvwxGn2nQs65fBFL5UFd76FcQ==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "s390x"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ]
+    },
     "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-gnu": {
       "version": "4.60.1",
       "cpu": [
@@ -1304,6 +1916,90 @@
         "linux"
       ]
     },
+    "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-openbsd-x64": {
+      "version": "4.60.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-openbsd-x64/-/rollup-openbsd-x64-4.60.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-cl0w09WsCi17mcmWqqglez9Gk8isgeWvoUZ3WiJFYSR3zjBQc2J5/ihSjpl+VLjPqjQ/1hJRcqBfLjssREQILw==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "openbsd"
+      ]
+    },
+    "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-openharmony-arm64": {
+      "version": "4.60.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-openharmony-arm64/-/rollup-openharmony-arm64-4.60.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-4Cv23ZrONRbNtbZa37mLSueXUCtN7MXccChtKpUnQNgF010rjrjfHx3QxkS2PI7LqGT5xXyYs1a7LbzAwT0iCA==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "openharmony"
+      ]
+    },
+    "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-win32-arm64-msvc": {
+      "version": "4.60.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-win32-arm64-msvc/-/rollup-win32-arm64-msvc-4.60.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-i1okWYkA4FJICtr7KpYzFpRTHgy5jdDbZiWfvny21iIKky5YExiDXP+zbXzm3dUcFpkEeYNHgQ5fuG236JPq0g==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "win32"
+      ]
+    },
+    "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-win32-ia32-msvc": {
+      "version": "4.60.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-win32-ia32-msvc/-/rollup-win32-ia32-msvc-4.60.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-u09m3CuwLzShA0EYKMNiFgcjjzwqtUMLmuCJLeZWjjOYA3IT2Di09KaxGBTP9xVztWyIWjVdsB2E9goMjZvTQg==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "ia32"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "win32"
+      ]
+    },
+    "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-gnu": {
+      "version": "4.60.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-gnu/-/rollup-win32-x64-gnu-4.60.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-k+600V9Zl1CM7eZxJgMyTUzmrmhB/0XZnF4pRypKAlAgxmedUA+1v9R+XOFv56W4SlHEzfeMtzujLJD22Uz5zg==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "win32"
+      ]
+    },
+    "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-msvc": {
+      "version": "4.60.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-msvc/-/rollup-win32-x64-msvc-4.60.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-lWMnixq/QzxyhTV6NjQJ4SFo1J6PvOX8vUx5Wb4bBPsEb+8xZ89Bz6kOXpfXj9ak9AHTQVQzlgzBEc1SyM27xQ==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "win32"
+      ]
+    },
     "node_modules/@tailwindcss/typography": {
       "version": "0.5.19",
       "dev": true,
@@ -2309,6 +3005,21 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/rawify"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/fsevents": {
+      "version": "2.3.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/fsevents/-/fsevents-2.3.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-5xoDfX+fL7faATnagmWPpbFtwh/R77WmMMqqHGS65C3vvB0YHrgF+B1YmZ3441tMj5n63k0212XNoJwzlhffQw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "hasInstallScript": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "darwin"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^8.16.0 || ^10.6.0 || >=11.0.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/function-bind": {
       "version": "1.1.2",
       "dev": true,
diff --git a/webui/src/components/ChatPane.tsx b/webui/src/components/ChatPane.tsx
index 29d0df49f..779d3695a 100644
--- a/webui/src/components/ChatPane.tsx
+++ b/webui/src/components/ChatPane.tsx
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ interface ChatPaneProps {
 export function ChatPane({ session, onNewChat }: ChatPaneProps) {
   const chatId = session?.chatId ?? null;
   const historyKey = session?.key ?? null;
-  const { messages: historical, loading } = useSessionHistory(historyKey);
+  const { messages: historical, loading, hasPendingToolCalls } = useSessionHistory(historyKey);
   const { client } = useClient();
   const [booting, setBooting] = useState(false);
   const pendingFirstRef = useRef<string | null>(null);
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ export function ChatPane({ session, onNewChat }: ChatPaneProps) {
   const { messages, isStreaming, send, setMessages } = useNanobotStream(
     chatId,
     initial,
+    hasPendingToolCalls,
   );
 
   useEffect(() => {
diff --git a/webui/src/components/thread/ThreadComposer.tsx b/webui/src/components/thread/ThreadComposer.tsx
index 105bb6c77..d5e5dd65a 100644
--- a/webui/src/components/thread/ThreadComposer.tsx
+++ b/webui/src/components/thread/ThreadComposer.tsx
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ interface ThreadComposerProps {
   onSend: (content: string, images?: SendImage[]) => void;
   disabled?: boolean;
   placeholder?: string;
+  isStreaming?: boolean;
   modelLabel?: string | null;
   variant?: "thread" | "hero";
 }
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ export function ThreadComposer({
   onSend,
   disabled,
   placeholder,
+  isStreaming = false,
   modelLabel = null,
   variant = "thread",
 }: ThreadComposerProps) {
@@ -58,8 +60,9 @@ export function ThreadComposer({
   const fileInputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
   const chipRefs = useRef(new Map<string, HTMLButtonElement>());
   const isHero = variant === "hero";
-  const resolvedPlaceholder =
-    placeholder ?? t("thread.composer.placeholderThread");
+  const resolvedPlaceholder = isStreaming
+    ? t("thread.composer.placeholderStreaming")
+    : placeholder ?? t("thread.composer.placeholderThread");
 
   const { images, enqueue, remove, clear, encoding, full } =
     useAttachedImages();
@@ -344,7 +347,11 @@ export function ThreadComposer({
               canSend && "hover:scale-[1.03] active:scale-95",
             )}
           >
-            <ArrowUp className={cn(isHero ? "h-4.5 w-4.5" : "h-4 w-4")} />
+            {isStreaming ? (
+              <Loader2 className={cn(isHero ? "h-4.5 w-4.5" : "h-4 w-4", "animate-spin")} />
+            ) : (
+              <ArrowUp className={cn(isHero ? "h-4.5 w-4.5" : "h-4 w-4")} />
+            )}
           </Button>
         </div>
       </div>
diff --git a/webui/src/components/thread/ThreadShell.tsx b/webui/src/components/thread/ThreadShell.tsx
index 801080bbf..65ffd1e0d 100644
--- a/webui/src/components/thread/ThreadShell.tsx
+++ b/webui/src/components/thread/ThreadShell.tsx
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ export function ThreadShell({
   const { t } = useTranslation();
   const chatId = session?.chatId ?? null;
   const historyKey = session?.key ?? null;
-  const { messages: historical, loading } = useSessionHistory(historyKey);
+  const { messages: historical, loading, hasPendingToolCalls } = useSessionHistory(historyKey);
   const { client, modelName } = useClient();
   const [booting, setBooting] = useState(false);
   const pendingFirstRef = useRef<string | null>(null);
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ export function ThreadShell({
     setMessages,
     streamError,
     dismissStreamError,
-  } = useNanobotStream(chatId, initial);
+  } = useNanobotStream(chatId, initial, hasPendingToolCalls);
   const showHeroComposer = messages.length === 0 && !loading;
   const pendingAsk = useMemo(() => {
     for (let index = messages.length - 1; index >= 0; index -= 1) {
@@ -179,6 +179,7 @@ export function ThreadShell({
               <ThreadComposer
                 onSend={send}
                 disabled={!chatId}
+                isStreaming={isStreaming}
                 placeholder={
                   showHeroComposer
                     ? t("thread.composer.placeholderHero")
@@ -191,6 +192,7 @@ export function ThreadShell({
               <ThreadComposer
                 onSend={handleWelcomeSend}
                 disabled={booting}
+                isStreaming={isStreaming}
                 placeholder={
                   booting
                     ? t("thread.composer.placeholderOpening")
diff --git a/webui/src/hooks/useNanobotStream.ts b/webui/src/hooks/useNanobotStream.ts
index 7730c6812..ec0312f7f 100644
--- a/webui/src/hooks/useNanobotStream.ts
+++ b/webui/src/hooks/useNanobotStream.ts
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ export interface SendImage {
 export function useNanobotStream(
   chatId: string | null,
   initialMessages: UIMessage[] = [],
+  hasPendingToolCalls = false,
 ): {
   messages: UIMessage[];
   isStreaming: boolean;
@@ -51,9 +52,23 @@ export function useNanobotStream(
 } {
   const { client } = useClient();
   const [messages, setMessages] = useState<UIMessage[]>(initialMessages);
-  const [isStreaming, setIsStreaming] = useState(false);
+  /** If the last loaded message is a trace row (e.g. "Using 2 tools"),
+   * the model was still processing when the page loaded — keep the
+   * loading spinner alive so the user sees the model is active. */
+  const initialStreaming = initialMessages.length > 0
+    ? initialMessages[initialMessages.length - 1].kind === "trace"
+    : false;
+  const [isStreaming, setIsStreaming] = useState(initialStreaming || hasPendingToolCalls);
   const [streamError, setStreamError] = useState<StreamError | null>(null);
   const buffer = useRef<StreamBuffer | null>(null);
+  /** Timer that defers ``isStreaming = false`` after ``stream_end``.
+   *
+   * When the model finishes a text segment and calls a tool, the server
+   * sends ``stream_end`` but the agent is still "thinking" while the tool
+   * executes.  By deferring the flag reset by a short window (1 s) we keep
+   * the loading spinner alive across tool-call boundaries without needing
+   * backend changes. */
+  const streamEndTimerRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null>(null);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     return client.onError((err) => setStreamError(err));
@@ -62,21 +77,43 @@ export function useNanobotStream(
   const dismissStreamError = useCallback(() => setStreamError(null), []);
 
   // Reset local state when switching chats. ``streamError`` is scoped to the
-  // send that triggered it, so a chat swap should wipe it out: a stale
-  // "Message too large" banner on a freshly-opened chat-B would confuse the
-  // user about which send actually failed (and in which chat).
-  useEffect(() => {
-    setMessages(initialMessages);
-    setIsStreaming(false);
-    setStreamError(null);
-    buffer.current = null;
-    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
-  }, [chatId]);
+     // send that triggered it, so a chat swap should wipe it out: a stale
+     // "Message too large" banner on a freshly-opened chat-B would confuse the
+     // user about which send actually failed (and in which chat).
+     useEffect(() => {
+       setMessages(initialMessages);
+       // Check if the new chat's last message is a trace row — if so, the
+       // model may still be processing.
+       setIsStreaming(
+         initialMessages.length > 0
+           ? initialMessages[initialMessages.length - 1].kind === "trace"
+           : false,
+       );
+       // Also consider hasPendingToolCalls from session history.
+       if (hasPendingToolCalls) {
+         setIsStreaming(true);
+       }
+       setStreamError(null);
+       buffer.current = null;
+       if (streamEndTimerRef.current !== null) {
+         clearTimeout(streamEndTimerRef.current);
+         streamEndTimerRef.current = null;
+       }
+       // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
+     }, [chatId, initialMessages, hasPendingToolCalls]);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     if (!chatId) return;
 
     const handle = (ev: InboundEvent) => {
+      // Any incoming event while the debounce timer is alive means the model
+      // is still working (e.g. tool result arrived, more text to stream).
+      // Cancel the pending "stream ended" timer so we don't hide the spinner.
+      if (streamEndTimerRef.current !== null) {
+        clearTimeout(streamEndTimerRef.current);
+        streamEndTimerRef.current = null;
+      }
+
       if (ev.event === "delta") {
         const id = buffer.current?.messageId ?? crypto.randomUUID();
         if (!buffer.current) {
@@ -103,17 +140,24 @@ export function useNanobotStream(
       }
 
       if (ev.event === "stream_end") {
-        if (!buffer.current) {
-          setIsStreaming(false);
-          return;
-        }
-        const finalId = buffer.current.messageId;
+        // stream_end only means the text segment finished — the model may
+        // still be executing tools.  Do NOT reset isStreaming here; the
+        // definitive "turn is complete" signal is ``turn_end``.
+        if (!buffer.current) return;
         buffer.current = null;
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (ev.event === "turn_end") {
+        // Definitive signal that the turn is fully complete.  Cancel any
+        // pending debounce timer and stop the loading indicator immediately.
+        if (streamEndTimerRef.current !== null) {
+          clearTimeout(streamEndTimerRef.current);
+          streamEndTimerRef.current = null;
+        }
         setIsStreaming(false);
         setMessages((prev) =>
-          prev.map((m) =>
-            m.id === finalId ? { ...m, isStreaming: false } : m,
-          ),
+          prev.map((m) => (m.isStreaming ? { ...m, isStreaming: false } : m)),
         );
         return;
       }
@@ -157,7 +201,8 @@ export function useNanobotStream(
         // flight, drop the placeholder so we don't render the text twice.
         const activeId = buffer.current?.messageId;
         buffer.current = null;
-        setIsStreaming(false);
+        // Do NOT reset isStreaming here — only ``turn_end`` signals that
+        // the full turn (all tool calls + final text) is complete.
         setMessages((prev) => {
           const filtered = activeId ? prev.filter((m) => m.id !== activeId) : prev;
           const content = ev.buttons?.length ? (ev.button_prompt ?? ev.text) : ev.text;
@@ -183,6 +228,10 @@ export function useNanobotStream(
     return () => {
       unsub();
       buffer.current = null;
+      if (streamEndTimerRef.current !== null) {
+        clearTimeout(streamEndTimerRef.current);
+        streamEndTimerRef.current = null;
+      }
     };
   }, [chatId, client]);
 
@@ -205,6 +254,9 @@ export function useNanobotStream(
           ...(previews ? { images: previews } : {}),
         },
       ]);
+      // Mark streaming immediately so the UI shows the loading indicator
+      // right away, before the first delta arrives from the server.
+      setIsStreaming(true);
       const wireMedia = hasImages ? images!.map((i) => i.media) : undefined;
       client.sendMessage(chatId, content, wireMedia);
     },
diff --git a/webui/src/hooks/useSessions.ts b/webui/src/hooks/useSessions.ts
index 719d4ce16..1623a1ef4 100644
--- a/webui/src/hooks/useSessions.ts
+++ b/webui/src/hooks/useSessions.ts
@@ -84,6 +84,9 @@ export function useSessionHistory(key: string | null): {
   messages: UIMessage[];
   loading: boolean;
   error: string | null;
+  /** ``true`` when the last persisted message has ``tool_calls`` but no
+   *  final text yet — the model was still processing when the page loaded. */
+  hasPendingToolCalls: boolean;
 } {
   const { token } = useClient();
   const [state, setState] = useState<{
@@ -91,11 +94,13 @@ export function useSessionHistory(key: string | null): {
     messages: UIMessage[];
     loading: boolean;
     error: string | null;
+    hasPendingToolCalls: boolean;
   }>({
     key: null,
     messages: [],
     loading: false,
     error: null,
+    hasPendingToolCalls: false,
   });
 
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -105,6 +110,7 @@ export function useSessionHistory(key: string | null): {
         messages: [],
         loading: false,
         error: null,
+        hasPendingToolCalls: false,
       });
       return;
     }
@@ -116,6 +122,7 @@ export function useSessionHistory(key: string | null): {
       messages: [],
       loading: true,
       error: null,
+      hasPendingToolCalls: false,
     });
     (async () => {
       try {
@@ -146,11 +153,19 @@ export function useSessionHistory(key: string | null): {
             },
           ];
         });
+        // Check if the last persisted message has tool_calls but no final
+        // text yet — the model was still processing when the page loaded.
+        const lastRaw = body.messages[body.messages.length - 1];
+        const hasPending =
+          lastRaw?.role === "assistant" &&
+          Array.isArray(lastRaw.tool_calls) &&
+          lastRaw.tool_calls.length > 0;
         setState({
           key,
           messages: ui,
           loading: false,
           error: null,
+          hasPendingToolCalls: hasPending,
         });
       } catch (e) {
         if (cancelled) return;
@@ -162,6 +177,7 @@ export function useSessionHistory(key: string | null): {
             messages: [],
             loading: false,
             error: null,
+            hasPendingToolCalls: false,
           });
         } else {
           setState({
@@ -169,6 +185,7 @@ export function useSessionHistory(key: string | null): {
             messages: [],
             loading: false,
             error: (e as Error).message,
+            hasPendingToolCalls: false,
           });
         }
       }
@@ -179,19 +196,20 @@ export function useSessionHistory(key: string | null): {
   }, [key, token]);
 
   if (!key) {
-    return { messages: EMPTY_MESSAGES, loading: false, error: null };
+    return { messages: EMPTY_MESSAGES, loading: false, error: null, hasPendingToolCalls: false };
   }
 
   // Even before the effect above commits its loading state, never surface the
   // previous session's payload for a brand-new key.
   if (state.key !== key) {
-    return { messages: EMPTY_MESSAGES, loading: true, error: null };
+    return { messages: EMPTY_MESSAGES, loading: true, error: null, hasPendingToolCalls: false };
   }
 
   return {
     messages: state.messages,
     loading: state.loading,
     error: state.error,
+    hasPendingToolCalls: state.hasPendingToolCalls,
   };
 }
 
diff --git a/webui/src/i18n/locales/en/common.json b/webui/src/i18n/locales/en/common.json
index aa6b3165b..4ae832827 100644
--- a/webui/src/i18n/locales/en/common.json
+++ b/webui/src/i18n/locales/en/common.json
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@
       "placeholderThread": "Type your message…",
       "placeholderHero": "What's on your mind?",
       "placeholderOpening": "Opening a new chat…",
+      "placeholderStreaming": "Model is responding…",
       "inputAria": "Message input",
       "sendHint": "Enter to send · Shift+Enter for newline",
       "send": "Send message",
diff --git a/webui/src/i18n/locales/es/common.json b/webui/src/i18n/locales/es/common.json
index 93bef843e..aa9891660 100644
--- a/webui/src/i18n/locales/es/common.json
+++ b/webui/src/i18n/locales/es/common.json
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@
       "placeholderThread": "Escribe tu mensaje…",
       "placeholderHero": "¿Qué tienes en mente?",
       "placeholderOpening": "Abriendo un nuevo chat…",
+      "placeholderStreaming": "El modelo está respondiendo…",
       "inputAria": "Entrada de mensaje",
       "sendHint": "Enter para enviar · Shift+Enter para nueva línea",
       "send": "Enviar mensaje",
diff --git a/webui/src/i18n/locales/fr/common.json b/webui/src/i18n/locales/fr/common.json
index ba9e759b3..a49c39849 100644
--- a/webui/src/i18n/locales/fr/common.json
+++ b/webui/src/i18n/locales/fr/common.json
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@
       "placeholderThread": "Saisissez votre message…",
       "placeholderHero": "Qu’avez-vous en tête ?",
       "placeholderOpening": "Ouverture d’une nouvelle discussion…",
+      "placeholderStreaming": "Le modèle est en train de répondre…",
       "inputAria": "Champ de message",
       "sendHint": "Entrée pour envoyer · Maj+Entrée pour un retour à la ligne",
       "send": "Envoyer le message",
diff --git a/webui/src/i18n/locales/id/common.json b/webui/src/i18n/locales/id/common.json
index 9775372cc..83d69d039 100644
--- a/webui/src/i18n/locales/id/common.json
+++ b/webui/src/i18n/locales/id/common.json
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@
       "placeholderThread": "Ketik pesan Anda…",
       "placeholderHero": "Apa yang sedang Anda pikirkan?",
       "placeholderOpening": "Membuka obrolan baru…",
+      "placeholderStreaming": "Model sedang merespons…",
       "inputAria": "Input pesan",
       "sendHint": "Enter untuk kirim · Shift+Enter untuk baris baru",
       "send": "Kirim pesan",
diff --git a/webui/src/i18n/locales/ja/common.json b/webui/src/i18n/locales/ja/common.json
index 6868dec5c..a631ae1e7 100644
--- a/webui/src/i18n/locales/ja/common.json
+++ b/webui/src/i18n/locales/ja/common.json
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@
       "placeholderThread": "メッセージを入力…",
       "placeholderHero": "何を考えていますか？",
       "placeholderOpening": "新しいチャットを開いています…",
+      "placeholderStreaming": "モデルが応答しています…",
       "inputAria": "メッセージ入力欄",
       "sendHint": "Enter で送信 · Shift+Enter で改行",
       "send": "メッセージを送信",
diff --git a/webui/src/i18n/locales/ko/common.json b/webui/src/i18n/locales/ko/common.json
index bb89af259..72563f3ac 100644
--- a/webui/src/i18n/locales/ko/common.json
+++ b/webui/src/i18n/locales/ko/common.json
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@
       "placeholderThread": "메시지를 입력하세요…",
       "placeholderHero": "무슨 생각을 하고 있나요?",
       "placeholderOpening": "새 채팅을 여는 중…",
+      "placeholderStreaming": "모델이 응답 중입니다…",
       "inputAria": "메시지 입력",
       "sendHint": "Enter로 전송 · Shift+Enter로 줄바꿈",
       "send": "메시지 보내기",
diff --git a/webui/src/i18n/locales/vi/common.json b/webui/src/i18n/locales/vi/common.json
index f2b64e33b..0259fb448 100644
--- a/webui/src/i18n/locales/vi/common.json
+++ b/webui/src/i18n/locales/vi/common.json
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@
       "placeholderThread": "Nhập tin nhắn…",
       "placeholderHero": "Bạn đang nghĩ gì?",
       "placeholderOpening": "Đang mở cuộc trò chuyện mới…",
+      "placeholderStreaming": "Mô hình đang trả lời…",
       "inputAria": "Ô nhập tin nhắn",
       "sendHint": "Enter để gửi · Shift+Enter để xuống dòng",
       "send": "Gửi tin nhắn",
diff --git a/webui/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN/common.json b/webui/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN/common.json
index 349e2625c..347fec179 100644
--- a/webui/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN/common.json
+++ b/webui/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN/common.json
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@
       "placeholderThread": "输入消息…",
       "placeholderHero": "你在想什么？",
       "placeholderOpening": "正在打开新对话…",
+      "placeholderStreaming": "模型正在回复…",
       "inputAria": "消息输入框",
       "sendHint": "Enter 发送 · Shift+Enter 换行",
       "send": "发送消息",
diff --git a/webui/src/i18n/locales/zh-TW/common.json b/webui/src/i18n/locales/zh-TW/common.json
index b8a1e83da..83de364a0 100644
--- a/webui/src/i18n/locales/zh-TW/common.json
+++ b/webui/src/i18n/locales/zh-TW/common.json
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@
       "placeholderThread": "輸入訊息…",
       "placeholderHero": "你在想什麼？",
       "placeholderOpening": "正在開啟新對話…",
+      "placeholderStreaming": "模型正在回覆…",
       "inputAria": "訊息輸入框",
       "sendHint": "Enter 送出 · Shift+Enter 換行",
       "send": "送出訊息",
diff --git a/webui/src/lib/types.ts b/webui/src/lib/types.ts
index 1b857a171..e4c09ba16 100644
--- a/webui/src/lib/types.ts
+++ b/webui/src/lib/types.ts
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ export type InboundEvent =
       chat_id: string;
       stream_id?: string;
     }
+  | { event: "turn_end"; chat_id: string }
   | { event: "error"; chat_id?: string; detail?: string };
 
 /** Base64-encoded image attached to an outbound ``message`` envelope.